Gender and artisanal and small-scale mining: Exploring women's livelihood and occupational roles in formalised settings

Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) has often been touted as an employment-creation avenue for millions of operators worldwide, including women. This employment-generation narrative has, however, occasioned by the immense scholarly focus on informal labour-intensive segments ASM operations. Exploring livelihood occupational roles women in formalised settings, data our inquiry comes mainly from employees two firms Ghana. Our study suggests that contrary to dominant narrative, women's employment avenues remain minimal settings through capital-labour substitution mechanisms. findings further indicate play differentiated, high positional their lower-to-middle-rung labour structures settings. In addition, health safety mechanisms differ those at sites. Disaggregation figures relation female workers would help tailor specific policies encapsulate duality operations attract more into where conditions are better.